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Electronic Circuits for Model Kits Out of gallery Výroba elektronických obvodů pro modely není složitý proces, ale základní znalosti jsou vhodné. Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Tato sada je Revell Imperial Start Destroyer, ne řada Technik, protože zjišťuji, že v elektronických systémech výrobců existují omezení. Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Použité komponenty jsou: Rezistory Kondenzátor Dioda Tranzistor Časovač - 555

What is a computer? Computers are not really that mysterious. There’s no shadowy gremlin cycling his way around a treadmill to make it run. Although sometimes one feels there is a gremlin at work pulling the operating system or data apart. ​ Computers have evolved immensely since I started building them, moving from measly Kilobytes of RAM to Gigabytes. Floppy Drives made way for DVD Drives and now DVD Drives are virtually obsolete, Hard drives have also changed, from mechanical, hybrids, then Solid State and have increased in size, speed, and reliability. ​ I will discuss individual components, operating systems, networking, and driver/software programming later. What is a computer? ​ Well, it is several devices put together to make an electronic device that can manipulate and store data. They come in various formats, but the main are: ​ Desktop Laptop Tablets and Smart Phones Servers ​ Using the correct software, computers have the capability to process, store and retrieve data. Whether it be, a document, mathematical problem, spreadsheet, presentation, image, or video. They can be used to browse the Internet, send emails, video conferencing, play games, write computer language, and used to access online shops. A computer is made up of several parts: ​ Motherboard or Mainboard – The motherboard is the device that ties the computer’s components together and allows each component to communicate with each other using software and device drivers. Without the motherboard, none of the attached devices, such as the CPU, GPU, or HDD could interact. Central Processing Unit (CPU) – A central processing unit (CPU), also known as a processor, is located on the motherboard. Memory (RAM) – RAM is short for ‘Random Access Memory’ and while it may sound enigmatic, RAM is one of the most important elements of computing. It is the super-fast and temporary data storage space that a computer needs to access right now or in the next few moments. Hard Drive (HDD) – come in numerous speeds and sizes. These days, they are rated in Gigabytes or Terabytes and increasingly are now Solid State Drives as opposed to the older mechanical drives. Power Supply Unit (PSU) – A PSU converts mains alternating current AC into a low-voltage regulated direct current power supply that power the internal components of a computer. Modern personal computers universally use switched-mode power supplies. Some power supplies have a manual switch for selecting input voltage, while others automatically adapt to the mains voltage. Modern desktop personal computer PSUs conform to the ATX specification and often come with removable leads. Video Graphics Card (GPU) – A video graphics card (also known as display card, graphics adapter, or display adapter) is an expansion card that generates a feed of output images to a display device (monitor). Frequently, these are advertised as discrete or dedicated graphics, emphasizing the distinction between these and integrated graphics. At the core of both is the graphics processing unit (GPU), which is the main part that does the actual computations. Computer Case - Most people skimp on the case because they do not see it as an important commodity. My last case, lasted five years and is now a Linux server. It was a great case but lacked 200mm fan mountings and not large enough for the new generation graphics cards and did not facilitate water cooling. My advice is when purchasing a computer case buy a well-known dedicated gaming case that is suitable for expansion and water cooling options. ​

DVI-I - DVI-D - DVI-A Differences Differences between DVI-I - DVI-D - DVI-A connector types DVI connectors come in three types: DVI-D (digital) DVI-I (integrated; analog and digital) DVI-A (analog) DVI-I and DVI-D connectors have different data rates, also known as single-link or dual-link. Each link type has a maximum allowed data rate that ensures the data is not corrupted when transferred from the graphics card to a monitor. DVI uses Transition Minimized Differential Signalling (TMDS) to transmit data over a single twisted wire pair. A single-link DVI connector consists of four TMDS links. Three of the four links link to the red, green, and blue RGB video signals, while the fourth is the clock control channel. Single-link connectors operate up to 165MHz and offer 1.65Gbps of bandwidth and can support resolutions up to 1920×1200 at a refresh rate of 60Hz. Dual-link connections double the number of RGB TMDS pairs – exclusive of the clock pair, thereby enabling up to 2Gbps of bandwidth. They can also support higher resolutions up to 2560×1600 at a refresh rate of 60Hz. Dual-link connectors are fully backward compatible with single-link operation unless a display mode uses more than 165MHz pixel clock frequency or 24 bits per pixel. While a single-link connector cannot support dual-link connections at any time, so dual-link connections are preferable. DVI connection pins are comprised of an 8×3 rectangle pinout supporting TMDS, DDC, analog vertical sync, power, hot-plug detection, and ground signals. So there is: ​ Pins 1-24 4 analog pins for RGB and horizontal sync C1-C4 Long flat pin for analog ground C5 DVI-A connectors have 17 (12+5) pins, they do not have a dual-link option and only carry analog signals. These signals are equal to VGA signals but are presented as an altered configuration. So, a VGA to DVI adapter is necessary to connect a VGA video card to a DVI-A monitor or a DVI-A video card to a VGA monitor. Due to VGA being the dominant connector for analog monitors and DVI as a standard for digital signals for many years DVI-A connectors are rare, while DVI-I and DVI-D connectors are common. DVI-A cables will work with both DVI-A and DVI-I connectors. Male DVI-D cables may fit in a female DVI-A connector but will not work as they do not carry any analog signals. DVI-D connectors transfer digital video signals. There are two types: Single-link DVI-D connectors have 19 pins (18+1) Dual-link DVI-D connectors have 25 pins (24+1). DVI-D cables will work with both DVI-D and DVI-I connectors. HDMI and DisplayPort connectors will also support DVI-D video signals using an adapter, but DVI-D cannot support the supplementary features that HDMI and DisplayPort have, like: Integrated audio CEC control Most digital monitors will have a DVI-D connector, while monitors that support digital and analog signals usually have a DVI-D with a VGA connector. DVI-I single-link connectors have 23 pins (18+5) Dual-link connectors have 29 pins (24+5). DVI-I connectors will not convert analog and digital signals but will accept a digital or analog signal, but not at the same time. If a video card, monitor and cable all have DVI-I connections with the ability to support both analog and digital signals, one mode of operation must be selected. DVI-I connectors will work with all DVI cable types. But a male DVI-I cable will not connect to a female DVI-D connector owing to the additional analog pins. ​ ​ DVI Pins DVI Pins HDMI Pins HDMI Pins Display Port Pins VGA Port Pins Display Port Pins VGA Female DE15 socket - Port Pin This image displays and tables a 15-pin VESA DDC2/E-DDC connector, the diagram’s pin numbering is a female connector that functions as the graphics adapter output. While the male connector numbering corresponds with the cable's wire-and-solder side.

2.GALLERY Vanda

Airbrush Troubleshooting Airbrushing comes with some inherent issues, these problems and troubleshooting them vary and can be experienced at any time no matter how experienced the user, here are a few. Bubbling in the gravity cup or suction bottle. ​ Can be caused by air pressure entering the paint reservoir. There are several reasons, most common are. ​ An air leak in the air cap or nozzle area. Solution – Tighten the loose Air Cap or Head. ​ Needle tip dry is dry and has blocked the nozzle. Solution - Clean or Replace the Tip Dry or Blocked Nozzle. ​ The air cap or head is loose. Solution – Replace worn or damaged nozzle seal. ​ The airbrush nozzle has a split. Solution – Replace the Split Nozzle. The spray pattern is off-centre . ​ Normally caused by a bent needle tip. The paint or fluid exits the airbrush and follows the bend on the tip of the needle. ​ Straighten the Needle Tip – This can be achieved with a flat sharpening stone or two pieces of 1” x 2” wood. I use a SharpenAir , which is a hand-held device designed specifically for repairing bent and damaged airbrush fluid needles. ​ Replace the Needle. Airbrush does not spray paint. ​ There are a few that can cause this, the most common are. A blocked nozzle often caused by poor cleaning. The solution for a Blocked Nozzle is to soak and clean the nozzle. ​ For a loose needle chucking nut when the needle is not moving with the trigger action. Solution - Check and tighten the needle chucking or locking the nut. ​ The paint consistency is too thick. Solution - Thin paint with appropriate thinner, reducer, water to a milky consistency. ​ Inappropriate low air pressure. Sometimes the paint can be slightly too thick, and the pressure is too low to atomize. Increase the air pressure accordingly. Airbrush sprays paint when the trigger is depressed for air. Caused because the needle is not sitting flush inside the nozzle or you have the wrong nozzle attached for the size of the needle. Otherwise, if the airbrush only sprays a blob of paint when the trigger is depressed then follow the Air On – Air Off method - first depress the trigger, then pull the trigger back for paint flow and then after spraying return the trigger forward before releasing the trigger/airflow. Shutting the paint flow off before the airflow will spray any residue paint off the tip of the needle. ​ Unscrew the needle locking nut. ​ Gradually push the needle forward until it rests inside the nozzle. ​ Tighten the needle-locking nut. Air pressure remains on when the trigger is released. Often due to many several reasons, like residue paint or solvents entering the air valve and affecting the air valve seal to swell or become sticky. A slack air valve closure or guide screw will not compress the air valve spring enough to fully return and shut off airflow. Disassemble internal air valve components and lubricate with airbrush lube and re-assemble. ​ Replace air valve seals if they appear eroded by solvents. ​ Tightening the air valve closure or guide screw will compress the air valve spring and shut off airflow. Poor spray or splattering of paint. There are several reasons, ranging from. Paint consistency. Solution - Reduce to a milky consistency. ​ Low air pressure. Increase air pressure until paint atomizes. ​ Damaged needle. Replace needle or repair using the SharpenAir device. ​ Tip dry or a partially blocked nozzle. Remove the needle and clean with a Q-Tip or cloth dampened using an airbrush cleaner (always wipe away, airbrush needles are very sharp). ​ Residue paint build-up in the needle cap, nozzle, or air cap. Clean and replace if indicated. Spray Spidering. Often caused if the paint has been over-thinned. Solution 1 - Add paint to the mix or reduce air pressure. ​ Solution 2 - Do not draw the trigger back so far or increase the distance from the surface. ​ Also, caused by spraying the paint too heavily on a non-porous surface. Solution - having the air pressure too high. Solution - Add paint to the mix or reduce air pressure.

Tools Whether they be scrap build or model kits there is a vast array of tools available to make and modify models. Before deciding what tools you need, decide what type of models you are going to build, a few are: ​ Scale model building, plastic model kits, have a magnitude of types, such as: Model military vehicles, figures, and terrain. Model aircraft. Model cars, commercial, and construction vehicles. Model rockets. Naval, ship models. Architectural models, cardboard, or high-density foam buildings. Model figures or busts. Rail transport modelling (probably the most well-known). Gundam models. Scenery to stage models. So, model building is not exclusively a hobbyist pursuit. The complexity of assembling representations of actual objects has become a career for numerous people. Some build models to commemorate historic events or commissioned to construct models using past events as a basis to predict future events of high commercial interest, while others work for the film industry. ​ In the 1950-60s, a relative built live steam engine models from scratch, and I can remember watching him work. The UK has an extremely high fraternity of live steam engine modellers, partly, I think to the vast community of steam engines/traction engines in the UK. There is a basic list of tools required to build plastic scale model kits, mine is: Sprue cutters – removing items off the sprue. Finer plastic cutters – trimming off excess. Scalpel handles or hobby knife – trimming and removing mold lines, cutting decals. I prefer scalpel handles and have: Numbers 3, 4, 5, 7 and a long scalpel handle that takes N◦.20/22/24 blades. But I use mostly the size 10 blades that have a sharp point. I have medical sharps boxes for the disposal of blades. Dissecting Forceps – plain dissecting forceps, I use a variety suited to handling models and decals, such as: Atraumatic – thumb style used for grasping delicate tissue. Adson – serrated jaws with wide, flat thumb grasp area used for delicate tissue. Artery clip – used to apply and remove scalpel blades from knife handles. I use a variety, but mostly: De Bakey Forceps. Dunhill Artery Forceps. Mosquito Artery Forceps. Various pliers –non-aggressive. Scissors – straight and curved, plus special scissors for decals. Toothbrushes – fine, medium, and hard. Marking pens – various. Alligator clips placed on barbecue skewers for airbrushing. Sanding sticks – various grades. Paint - as mentioned in the paint section, water-based acrylic paint is the most commonly used to spray plastic models. Paintbrushes - sizes of models vary greatly if you are interested in Warhammer 28mm figures or painting busts a good selection of paintbrushes is vital. They range in size, from 000 up. Specialised Equipment Among my tools, I have some specialised equipment that makes life a lot easier, such as my: ​ Vortex Mixer – I have used this to mix my paint for many years and it is fantastic and a godsend (as I have arthritis in most of my joints), I have just ordered a replacement as it eventually failed, not surprising really considering the amount of use it gets. ​ Food Dehydrator – I have one that heats to 80°C but tend to run it at 70°C, it has 10 shelves and a fantastic piece of equipment, large enough to get a 1:32 tank fully built easily. If you decide to get one make sure it is large enough, the smaller plastic dehydrators will not take anything big. We also use it to dry fruit, meat, and flowers. You must let the sprayed models dry to touch (about 20 minutes) before putting them in the dehydrator. But the dehydrator will cure primer, varnish, and laquear paint in 4 hours that would normally take between 2 to 3 weeks. And when using acrylic, I have completely sprayed a tank and weathered and built it in a day. Mine is ECO friendly and uses minimal electricity, it came with 10 stainless steel and 4 plastic trays. ​ Additional Air Compressor Tank – my air compressor has a 2.5L tank, which is fine, but I purchased an additional 5L air compressor tank just to keep the noise levels down when videoing in my workshop. Nova3D Printer – I use this to print replacements for damaged model parts or when designing terrain for my dioramas. ​ Colour Laser Printer – I rarely use decals from the manufacturers who make the model kits as I find them of poor quality, so, I either airbrush the design directly onto the model or scan it onto my computer, edit it (if required) and then print them.

RAID Striping 0 to 4 RAID 0 Striping ​ With RAID 0 the data is written across multiple drives to improve access performance. There is no data redundancy. So, a 4Meg file would be written across 4 drives in 1Meg pieces. Because of this, the failure of one drive will render the data inaccessible, but the advantage is considerably higher throughput. RAID 1 (mirroring without parity or striping) With RAID 1 data is written identically to two drives, thereby producing a ‘mirrored set’. The read request is examined by either of the two HDDs containing the requested data, whichever one involves the least seek time plus rotational latency. ​ Similarly, a written request updates the stripes of both drives. The write performance depends on the slower of the two writes, such as, the one that involves a larger seek time and rotational latency. ​ At least two drives are required to constitute such an array. While more constituent drives may be employed, but many applications deal with a maximum of only two. The array continues to operate if at least one drive is functioning. Key: A, B, C, D, E, and F are blocks of data RAID 2 has bit-level striping with dedicated Hamming-code parity, all disk spindle rotation is synchronized, and data is striped so that each sequential bit is on a different drive. Hamming-code parity is calculated across matching bits and stored on at least one parity drive. ​ RAID 3 has byte-level striping with dedicated parity, all disk spindle rotation is synchronized and data are striped so each sequential byte is on a different drive. Parity is calculated across matching bytes and stored on a dedicated parity drive. ​ RAID 4 is block-level striping with dedicated parity and is equivalent to RAID 5 but all parity data is stored on a single drive. In this configuration files can be dispersed between multiple drives. Each drive operates independently allowing I/O requests to be performed in parallel. ​ RAID 2 is more of a theoretical system and not used in practice. But although applications for RAID 3 exist it is not commonly used in practice.

RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) is a group of hard drives, controller cards, and software to increase the reliability and redundancy of data storage on hard drives. RAID comes in multiple configurations, offering enhanced performance and/or better data reliability. Data is distributed across the drives in one of several ways called ‘RAID levels’, depending on the level of redundancy and performance required. ​ RAID numbers are allocated according to the required protection or reliability level required, RAID-5 for example, is not representative of the number of drives involved. The most common RAID implementations are 0, -1, and 5 . RAID can be implemented with and without the ability to hot-swap a drive. ​ RAID 0 ­- The data is written across multiple drives to improve access performance. There is no data redundancy. For example, a 4Meg file would be written across 4 drives in 1Meg pieces. Note that the failure of one drive will render the data inaccessible. The advantage is a much higher throughput. The RAID numbers are, click on each for its meaning: RAID 1 RAID 2 RAID 3 RAID 4 RAID 5 RAID 6 RAID 10 Almost all manufacturers provide a diverse of plug-in controllers that allow RAID execution. These controllers interface with SCSI drives and are available in ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) and PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) configurations, the highest throughput is via the PCI format. RAID support for IDE drives is not generally available. ​ All SCSI drives can be used with a RAID controller, and different drive manufacturers' sizes and throughputs can be used on the same bus. Controller manufacturers provide additional information on expectations. RAID controllers can also act as generic drive controllers interfacing to CD, DVD, and Tape Drives and external accessories like Scanners. ​ RAID drives either be permanently mounted in a chassis, mounted in external drive bays, or externally using Hot-swappable enclosures that each hard drive can be installed or removed without powering down the host computer. eSATA, FireWire, and USB are examples of interfaces that are hot-swappable on computers. ​ Full RAID protection can be realised even in non-removable drive situations where the RAID system provides data protection and time to take the system off-line to replace a failed drive. This can certainly be a less expensive and potentially more reliable option in place of using expensive removable drive carriers.

Orchideje Orchideje mají o sobě jedinečnou auru a pocházejí ze všech částí světa. Orchideje mají velkou rozmanitost barev, tvarů, velikostí a vůní, i když ne všechny mají příjemné vůně. Rostou v tropických, mírných a některých v téměř mrazivých podmínkách. Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Mnoho lidí považuje orchideje za obtížné pěstovat a kvést. Ve skutečnosti se většina orchidejí snadno pěstuje a rozkvétá, ale u všech planet jsou vyžadovány správné podmínky. Řada je prakticky nezničitelná a díky několika základním tipům může většina lidí pěstovat orchideje, takže nejen prospívají, ale i kvetou. Orchideje mají o sobě jedinečnou auru a pocházejí ze všech částí světa. Orchideje mají velkou rozmanitost barev, tvarů, velikostí a vůní, i když ne všechny mají příjemné vůně. Rostou v tropických, mírných a některých v téměř mrazivých podmínkách. Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Mnoho lidí považuje orchideje za obtížné pěstovat a kvést. Ve skutečnosti se většina orchidejí snadno pěstuje a rozkvétá, ale u všech planet jsou vyžadovány správné podmínky. Řada je prakticky nezničitelná a díky několika základním tipům může většina lidí pěstovat orchideje, takže nejen prospívají, ale i kvetou. Mezi nejjednodušší druhy orchidejí k pěstování patří: Phalaenopsis (vyslovováno - Fal-en-op-sis) Dendrobium (vyslovováno - Den-droh-bee-um) Cattleya (vyslovuje se - Kat-lee-ya). Cymbidium (vyslovuje se - Sim-bid-ee-um) Coelogyne (vyslovuje se - See-loj-in-ee), Coelogyne Alba má skvělou vůni. Rozmanitost Přestože na naší planetě obývá více než 35 000 druhů orchidejí, lidé tyto druhy hybridizovali a vytvořili více než 200 000 hybridů. Mnoho z nich se pěstuje pro své atraktivní květiny, ale semenné látky vanilkové orchideje poskytují oblíbené aroma. Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Na rozdíl od většiny rostlin mohou orchideje růst ve vzduchu. Jejich kořeny se připevňují ke stromům nebo skalám, kde mohou zachytávat vlhkost a živiny. Starodávná linie Důkazy naznačují, že orchideje pocházejí z doby, kdy se po planetě potulovali dinosauři, asi před 120 miliony let, a mnoho z nich má vztah k určitým druhům hmyzu nebo ptáků, aby mohli opylovat své květiny. Orchideje jsou značná, různorodá a jedinečná rodina rostlin. Orchideje nebo Orchidaceae jsou jednoděložné kvetoucí rostliny v nadřádu Liliiflorae. Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Monocots jsou možná nejdůležitější rostliny na Zemi a pocházejí z našich čtyř nejdůležitějších potravin, jako je rýže, kukuřice, pšenice a ječmen. Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Jiné, jako bambus a palmy, jsou v mnoha zemích primárním zdrojem stavebních materiálů a cukrová třtina, ananas, datle a banány pocházejí z jednoděložných rostlin. Rodina orchidejí obsahuje více druhů než kterákoli jiná rodina rostlin - někteří botanici odhadují rodina obsahuje asi 25 000 až 35 000 druhů. Orchideje kvetou v široké škále barev a tvarů a žijí na různých stanovištích, od: Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Žijte na přímém slunečním světle, ve stínu, v chladném a chladném podnebí Vylezte na skály, stromy Pěstujte na zemi Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Další vlastností orchidejí je, že mají několik charakteristických rysů, například: Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Pestíky (ženská část) Tyčinky (mužská část) Orchideje přicházejí charakteristicky ve dvou hlavních formách, monopodiální a sympodiální orchideje. Monopodiální orchideje mají stonky, které rostou neurčitě. Tento typ listu orchideje vždy roste od konce stonku a monopodiální orchideje často vytvářejí vzdušné kořeny podél svých stonků. Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Monopodiální orchideje nemají žádné pseudobulbs, produkují nový růst z koruny rostliny a kořeny mohou být obzvláště náhodné. Není neobvyklé mít vzdušné kořeny v pravidelných intervalech podél kmene, zejména u druhů, jako je Vandas. Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Květinové hroty neboli květenství rostou ze strany stonku, ne z konce. Mezi oblíbené monopodiální orchideje patří: Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Vanda Phalaenopsis Sympodiální orchideje jsou rozděleny do kategorií podle řady výhonků nebo stonků podobných cibulkám, známých jako pseudobulbs. Pseudobulby stoupají ze základny před ní a každá pseudobulba má omezený růst. Kořeny se obvykle tvoří ze základny pseudobulb nebo podél oddenku. Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Květinový hrot sympodiálních orchidejí vychází ze základny hlízy nebo dokonce z oddenku. Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Tropické orchideje jsou často Sympodial a populární Sympodial orchideje zahrnují: Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Cattleyas Dendrobia Oncidia Spathoglottis Sympodiální orchideje mají pseudobulby, které rostou na oddenku. Mohou vypadat krátké, že se cibule jeví jako vzájemně připevněné, nebo dostatečně dlouhé, aby mezi nimi mohly být palce. Z důvodu rozsáhlého vzoru bočního růstu je nutné tyto orchideje pravidelně znovu vysazovat.

Types of Paint Akryl Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Akrylové barvy jsou nejběžnějšími typy barev používaných na modelových sadách a dioráme. S akrylovou barvou se snadno manipuluje, protože je na vodní bázi, což znamená, že ji lze ředit a čistit vodou. Nejlepších výsledků však dosáhnete použitím akrylového ředidla nebo zlepšovače toku airbrush. Akrylové barvy jsou náchylné na poškrábání nebo stopy, proto je důležité modelářské soupravy potřít lakem, aby byly chráněny. V závislosti na teplotě akrylová barva zaschne přibližně za 20 minut a vytvrdne do 24 hodin. Pro stříkání vzduchu ředidla na bázi alkoholu schnou rychleji než voda. Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Výhody Akrylové materiály na vodní bázi mají tendenci rychle schnout, mají zanedbatelný zápach a lze je snadno smíchat s vodou nebo ředidlem. Voda může být také použita k čištění kartáčů a také k odstranění vrchního nátěru k vytvoření efektu štěpení. Z důvodu doby rychlého schnutí to umožňuje během modelování nanášet mnohem více barevných vrstev, čímž se zvyšuje tvorba složitějších oblastí, jako jsou kokpity a figurky. Mnoho výrobců nyní vyrábí širokou škálu barevných řad určených k replikaci skutečných barev používaných v mnoha zemích v celé historii. To usnadňuje výrobu řady modelů s přesnými schématy lakování a povrchovými úpravami. Zloženie: 100% bavlna. V dnešní době mnoho výrobců vyrábí akrylové barvy vhodné pro airbrushes, jako jsou Vallejo Model Air, MIG AMMO a AK Interactive. Akrylová barva s technologií airbrushing se líbí mnoha modelářům, protože tyto barvy jsou relativně bezpečné pro použití v interiéru a mají malý zápach. Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Zřeknutí se odpovědnosti: Při stříkání barvy je vysoce vhodné používat stříkací kabinu a masku na obličej / respirátor, abyste se chránili před vytvářeným oblakem stříkání. Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Nevýhody Díky rychlejší době schnutí vyžadují akrylové materiály zvláštní péči, aby se na modelu nevytvořily stopy po kartáči. Toho lze dosáhnout nanesením několika tenkých vrstev nebo použitím nivelačních ředidel, retardérů vysoušení nebo prostředků zlepšujících tok, které lze také použít při stříkání akrylátů, akrylové barvy jsou náchylné k vysychání v airbrush, jeho špičce nebo ve vzduchu na jeho cestě k modelu. Okolní teplota může také ovlivnit aspekty sušení. Konečný povrch se nazývá mnoho vrchního laku nebo laku. Pomůže to chránit lak před poškozením, protože některé modely jsou určeny pro stolní wargaming, který je vystaven velkému množství manipulace a opakovaného použití. Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Některé značky akrylové barvy mohou být na bázi alkoholu, které dodávají sladkou vůni. To může způsobit problémy při kartáčování malby, protože druhá nebo třetí vrstva může interferovat s předchozími vrstvami barvy. Lak Lakové barvy jsou nejméně běžně používané kvůli jejich obtížnosti a riziku použití. Lakové barvy jsou nejtvrdší ze tří hlavních typů a suší nejrychleji. Po zaschnutí se laky velmi snadno odstraňují, aniž by došlo k poškození plastu. Ze tří jsou také nejtoxičtější, takže uživatelé by měli být v dobře větraném prostoru a používat stříkací kabinu odolnou proti výbuchu se speciálním ventilátorovým systémem a nosit respirátor, ochranu očí a rukavice. Laková barva vyžaduje jiný typ ředidla barvy, vhodně pojmenovaný ředidlo laku. Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Příklady lakových barev jsou MrColor a MRP (MrPaint). Smalt Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Smaltované barvy obvykle zaschnou do tvrdého, lesklého povrchu. Zaschnutí může trvat asi 2 až 3 hodiny, ale doba vytvrzení je 24 až 48 hodin. Z tohoto důvodu smaltovaná barva silněji schne, proto je odolnější vůči poškrábání. Smaltované barvy jsou toxičtější než akrylové barvy, ale nejsou tak špatné jako lakované barvy. Používá se k ručnímu malování, kde pomalejší zasychání umožňuje další čas, aby se barva vyrovnala a skryla tahy štětcem. Smaltové barvy se také doporučují pro mytí panelů. Zloženie: 100% bavlna. Příklady smaltovaných barev jsou Tamiya Enamel, AK Interactive a MIG AMMO.

Canada Canada is a North American country comprising ten provinces and three territories. Positioned in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Canada is the world’s second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States of America is the world’s longest land border. ​ Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Indigenous peoples. During the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and settled the region’s Atlantic coast. France relinquished virtually all its colonies in North America to the United Kingdom in 1763 following the French and Indian War, which was basically the North American Seven Years’ War. ​ Out of gallery While walking the Sundance trail near Banff I met my first wolves face-to-face. There was a pack of about seven and having bred and trained a few German shepherd dogs I noticed their tails were relaxed and their attention was not on me. So, I kept very still and avoided direct eye contact. That day they passed me by on a ridge about ten metres away. A couple of days later, while on the same trail, they were on the track about 50 metres in front of me. Now the prudent thing to do would be to turn back, but I am not like that. So, I waited and watched as they moved closer. Again, the wolves seemed relaxed and showed no signs of aggression, anyway, it was too late to retreat, and running was not an option, doing this might turn on their hunting instincts. Slowly they came closer until they were about six feet in front of me I am not sure why, but I started to talk quietly to them and slowly they came up to me and carried on walking past, a couple brushing against my legs. I knew it was the same pack, one of the females had a slight limp. During my stay in Banff, I met the wolves once more, and again they walked close enough that I brushed my hand over the back of one. Hell of a feeling I can tell you. Anyway, that brought on my love of these animals. Several years later I when staying in Canmore a town in Alberta’s Rocky Mountains I heard a local farm had looked after two young wolves and let them roam the farmland. They also had a rare white bison, so I contacted them to arrange a visit. Fantastic place and the owners looked after me and showed me around. Unfortunately, the two wolves were not around and two weeks later I had a disturbing email stating that the wolves had been shot and killed by another farmer. In 1867, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces due to the union of three British North American colonies through a coalition. This initiated an accretion of provinces and territories and the process of increasing autonomy culminated in the Canada Act of 1982. Canada is a federal state governed as a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarchy - with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state (the Canadian anthem is the Royal anthem ‘God Save the Queen.’ The country is officially multicultural and bilingual, with a population of around 38 million as of 2020. Canada’s forward-thinking economy is one of the largest in the world, relying mainly upon its copious natural resources and well-developed trade systems. Canada ranks amongst the highest in international measurements of education, quality of life, government transparency, civil liberties, and economic freedom.

Japan Out of gallery